{"id":5285,"date":"2015-12-17T11:21:24","date_gmt":"2015-12-17T10:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/hemorrhagic-diathesis-in-a-pig-carcass\/"},"modified":"2022-03-24T19:05:02","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T18:05:02","slug":"hemorrhagic-diathesis-in-a-pig-carcass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/hemorrhagic-diathesis-in-a-pig-carcass\/","title":{"rendered":"Hemorrhagic diathesis in a pig carcass"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In a 6 months old, mixed breed, pig carcass multiple hemorrhages (petechiae and ecchymoses) were observed on the skin, thoracic and abdominal cavities serous membranes. The lymph nodes had a haemorrhagic appearance throughout the carcass.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>These lesions are indicative of a<strong> hemorrhagic diathesis<\/strong>, ie a predisposition to bleeding. It is a nonspecific sign that can have various causes. A\u00a0number of considerations in this case can help narrow the differential diagnosis:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Only one animal was involved.<\/li>\n<li>No abnormalities were detected <em>antemortem<\/em> (on the holding or at the slaughterhouse).<\/li>\n<li>The histopathological study of lymph nodes showed that the hemorrhagic appearance of \u00a0lymph nodes was due to reabsorption of blood and they had no other lesions in lymphoid tissue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Causes of infectious origin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The fact that only one animal was found affected and the absence of clinical signs reported <em>antemortem<\/em> was against this hypothesis, but still cannot be ruled out:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In a case\u00a0like this the first thing to suspect is a <strong>viral infection<\/strong>. Viruses such as <strong>classical swine fever virus<\/strong> (CSFv) or the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/african-swine-fever-lesions\/?lang=en\">African swine fever virus<\/a><\/strong> (ASFv) can cause images\u00a0like this. So this diseases should be ruled out by means of \u00a0RT-PCR and PCR, respectively, to detect viral genome, for example in samples of lymph nodes or tonsils. In this animal both tests gave negative results.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>generalized bacterial infection or septicemia<\/strong> could also give a picture as observed here. The agents that can cause septicemia in pigs include: <em>Actinobacillus suis, Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus<\/em> spp., <em>Listeria monocytogenes<\/em> &#8230; In this case, a microbiological culture from samples of spleen, an organ rich in blood, was performed with a negative result.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Other possible causes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Once infectious ethiologies have been discarded other possible explanations for bleeding and the consequent absorption of blood to the lymph nodes are:<\/p>\n<p>Coagulation disorders (rare in swine):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poisoning anticoagulants (warfarin -rodent poison-)<\/li>\n<li>Thrombocytopenic purpura (usually affects piglets of few days of life)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bleeding arising during the slaughter process secondary to an abnormal agony.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To read more about causes of erythematous lesions in pig carcasses: <a href=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/five-reasons-a-pig-carcass-might-turn-red\/?lang=en\">Five reasons a pig carcass might turn red<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2595\" style=\"width: 370px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2595\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7151\" src=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-4-360x600.jpg\" alt=\"Generalised skin petechiae.\" width=\"360\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-4-360x600.jpg 360w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-4-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-4-768x1280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-4-922x1536.jpg 922w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-4.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2595\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Generalised skin petechiae.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2598\" style=\"width: 370px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2598\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7157\" src=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-2-360x600.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of skin lesions.\" width=\"360\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-2-360x600.jpg 360w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-2-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-2.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2598\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of skin lesions.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2599\" style=\"width: 612px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2599\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7159\" src=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-3-602x600.jpg\" alt=\"Petechiae are seen throughout the depth of the dermis.\" width=\"602\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-3-602x600.jpg 602w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-3-90x90.jpg 90w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-3.jpg 1234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2599\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Petechiae are seen throughout the depth of the dermis.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2597\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2597\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7155\" src=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-1-800x480.jpg\" alt=\"Petechiae and ecchymoses in the stomach serosa and hemorrhagic lymph nodes (arrows).\" width=\"620\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-1-800x480.jpg 800w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-1-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sesc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/SESC-084-15-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2597\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Petechiae and ecchymoses in the stomach serosa and hemorrhagic lymph nodes (arrows).<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a 6 months old, mixed breed, pig carcass multiple hemorrhages (petechiae and ecchymoses) were observed on the skin, thoracic and abdominal cavities serous membranes. The lymph nodes had a haemorrhagic appearance throughout the carcass.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[235,233,179,225],"tags":[397,399,404],"class_list":["post-5285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abdominal-cavity-porcine-2","category-lymphoid-porcine-2","category-porcine-2","category-skin-porcine-2","tag-infectious-en","tag-lymph-nodes-en","tag-skin-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5285\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sesc.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}